The Wikibook LaTeX provides an answer to this question: To make multiple references to the same footnote, you can use the following syntax: Text that has a footnotefootnote {This is the footnote} looks like this. In HTML, a paragraph is just a part of the usual text. Which one are you using? paragraph has to be redefined. Identical vertical spacing between paragraphs of different textsize. And if you want to use any other size of spacing, you can use []. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. A typical entry will look as follows: The above creates a references to an article with tag ref1. As an example, for a paper with two authors you could write: documentclass{ article } usepackage{ authblk } itle{ A random walk in LaTeX} author[1]{ Alison. } is an inline heading for the following paragraph text but you did not show any following text. If you want to do this for every line, consider using the setspace package. | tells LaTeX to treat everything between the pipe characters ( |) as verbatim. The Insert button lets you add one or more new rows or columns. I have a paragraph and only after this single paragraph environemnt I want to have the text following in a new line. Adjust line spacing after new line. The subfiles package documentation. oindent This is the second paragraph. If you're new to Overleaf and LaTeX, check out our free introductory course for help getting started. tex which defines the commands \mytextA and \mytextB—both commands typeset a paragraph. This is normal text in which we’ll add tab stop advances. first method is to leave a line empty, by which you can start a new paragraph easily. Basic LaTeX 08: Sections and referencing. extcolor {red}. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. You can click on the paragraph and jump to it in the document. We can also customise other pages, such as the abstract. The command includegraphics [scale=1. Here is what I have tried. The parameter that controls inter-paragraph spacing is called \parskip(See Paragraph Spacing). Overleaf restores the file. You can see that L a T e X has automatically indented the first line of the paragraph, taking care of that formatting for you. Also, we will learn how to. (If you need to add an item at the start of the list, you would need to renumber. Introduction. 5 extwidth} code, a lower number will shrink the width size. Open this setspace example in Overleaf. If you would like to have the labels in your list be on separate lines to the list entries, you would. Sorted by: 8. Font typefaces. Putting a double hyphen in front of a text in Lua means a single-line comment; however, since TeX strips newlines from Lua code, this appears as a single. In the example is "Overleaf Example". Instead of using (or ewline / vspace ) to simulate paragraph breaks, or to increase inter-paragraph spacing, the recommended solution for setting spacing between paragraphs is to load the parskip package: put. } bla bla bla I tried to add \linebreak \paragraph{Some title stuff. The not so short introduction to LaTeX 2ε. Don't end paragraphs with , but leaving an empty line between them. Open an example of the beamer package in Overleaf This line will start a second paragraph. The baseline-skip value determines the distance between baselines of text in a paragraph typeset using font-size; it is also stored in a parameter command called aselineskip—for more detail, see the Overleaf article How to change paragraph spacing in LaTeX. Overleaf premium features are available to participants in Overleaf Commons, members of group subscriptions, and owners of individual subscriptions. It depends on how pervasively you want to eradicate the indentation. Note how a new paragraph is started by inserting a blank line between them—although that's a commonly-used method, it's not the only way to start a new paragraph. APA guidelines require ragged papers. The paragraphs look like this: It is possible to set a spacing between paragraphs using. You can do the same thing by leaving a blank line (pressing Enter twice) in your document source. You can avoid indentation by setting \parindent to 0pt (or 0mm, 0cm etc) or using the command. LaTeX can organize, number, and index chapters and sections of document. Let's start with an example which typesets two centred paragraphs by writing them inside a center environment. Working offline in Overleaf; Using Track Changes in Overleaf; Using bibliographies in Overleaf; Sharing your work with others; Using the History feature; Debugging Compilation timeout errors; How-to guides; Guide to Overleaf’s premium features; LaTeX Basics. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. LaTeX will automatically indent the first line of each paragraph that doesn't immediately follow a section heading. documentclass [12pt,a4paper] {article} usepackage {amsmath} usepackage {amsthm} usepackage {amssymb} I don't feel it's so good because the first paragraph has no. For convenience, the Overleaf project uses a small page size because that assists with preparing graphics and images for this help page. By the way, you want an enumerate environment, I think. Let's see the. Using bibliographies in Overleaf. Without loading any additional packages you can use the built-in LaTeX marginpar command to add margin notes to your document. Sectioning elements (sections, subsections, paragraphs etc. Linebreaks are only used if you specifically want the line to break there, such as in poetry. \documentclass {article} \begin {document} This paragraph contains no information and its purpose is to provide an example on how to start a new paragraph. To end a paragraph, leave a blank line between the end of the current and the beginning of the new paragraph. Sorted by: 5. 25ex @plus 1ex @minus . This example produces the following output: Text files: integers and characters. You can use the plain TeX command arrower. vspace* {6mm} will work. To start a paragraph without an indent, or to continue an interrupted paragraph, use oindent . These numbers start at. Sorted by: 3. \setlength {\parindent} {default} Where default is whatever the default indentation is for the document class I am using (part of the problem is that I don't know. The following project is compiled via LuaLaTeX and uses the fontspec package to access the TeX Gyre Pagella fonts. 7cm This paragraph has an extra indentation at the left. If you really want a vertical space between two paragraphs (but this is rarely necessary or useful), type medskip after the empty line and before the new paragraph. The following project is compiled via LuaLaTeX and uses the fontspec package to access the TeX Gyre Pagella fonts. If you are indenting new paragraphs, there is no need to insert blank lines in the output between paragraphs. 1 Answer. Improve this answer. As far as I know, \\ and ewline both insert a new line. 2 Answers. To create a new list type with enumitem you use the ewlist command which requires 3 arguments: ewlist{ name } { list-type } { max-depth } name: the name of your list, to be used as an environment: \begin {name}. Hi ougka, it depends on your document class. For whatever reason, should you wish to alter. Then TeX makes a break but form it’s point of view you’re still in the same paragraph. However, using paragraph result in one blank page before the title page and last paragraph command is not shown in the final output. par Also bears are really cool. Lengths are units of distance relative to some document elements. paragraph is a 4th level section heading and should only be used in the sequence section. Example: We are in the first paragraph here. \parskip=0pt plus 1pt \parindent=15pt. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. To start a new paragraph in LATEX, you can leave a blank line in between as stated in the above example. ] which you should (almost) never do. documentclass [12pt,a4paper] {scrreprt} usepackage {amsthm} ewtheoremstyle. If you would like to align the text in LaTeX paragraphs with the middle of your page, you can use the command /begin {center} and /end {center}. As noted above, one way to start a new paragraph is by inserting a blank line but the following code snippet shows an alternative solution which uses the \par command: The following example opens in Overleaf to create a project containing a file called text. To obtain the "original" meaning of \par you could use a \multicolumn with a p {} -type column. Paragraph indentation. 1. Redefine par, for example letpar elax. You can click on the paragraph and jump to it in the document. Why not use . This article explains how to change text alignment for parts, or all, of your document using LaTeX's built-in features and the package. Footnotes, figures, and tables will still be singlespaced, however. Share. I will start the third paragraph and then add \\ a manual line break which causes this text to start on a new line but remains part of the same paragraph. There are up to 7 levels of depth for defining sections depending on the document class: Usually, section is the top-level document command in most documents. C March 27, 2022 8:30 PM Problem Statement Print the following output: Input Format IN Output Format . 1. By default new paragraphs are usually indented by an amount controlled by a parameter called \parindent whose value can be set using the command \setlength; for example: \setlength{\parindent} { 20pt } sets \parindent to 20pt. The following code fragment uses [h!], which instructs LaTeX to try to place the figure exactly where it appears in the text instead of letting it 'float' to another location in the document. By default new paragraphs are usually indented by an amount controlled by a parameter called \parindent whose value can be set using the command \setlength; for example: \setlength{\parindent} { 20pt } sets \parindent to 20pt. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. It's like page break: use sparingly. I have the following problem. Increase line spacing in wrapped inline maths. . abcdefg abcdefg egin {theorem} abcdefg end {theorem} produces. This article explains how to change text alignment for parts, or all, of your document using LaTeX's built-in features and the package. Let's see the two commands that insert vertical blank spaces. This is video number 2 in a series of 21 by Dr Vincent Knight of Cardiff University. 1. Although the fact that the equation starts a new paragraph is less obvious, it still can have an effect. The following example uses doublespacing in the document preamble: documentclass{ article } % Choose a conveniently small page size usepackage[paperheight=18cm,paperwidth=14cm,textwidth=12cm] { geometry } % Load. Apr 10, 2021 at 23:03. Here we see how to create a very basic presentation in LaTeX, using the beamer document class. To start writing your manuscript in Overleaf, simply click the ‘Open as Template’ button above. Open this example in Overleaf. The right way to add a "blank line" would be to insert some horizontal space. To definitely place a paragraph after a figure, use the command FloatBarrier somewhere between the figure and the paragraph. Open this setspace example in Overleaf. To define a new environment use the ewenvironment command which has the general form: ewenvironment {name} [numarg] [optarg_default] {begin_def} {end_def} where: name is the name of this user-defined argument; numarg is the number of arguments, from 1 to 9, this environment accepts. The baseline-skip value determines the distance between baselines of text in a paragraph typeset using font-size; it is also stored in a parameter command called \baselineskip—for more detail, see the Overleaf article How to change paragraph spacing in LaTeX. 1. However, it is useful to know, and applications tend to be for formatting text in floats, or other more exotic documents. Including images in Overleaf. As you can see it's a rather short paragraph, but not as short as the previous one. Meaning the next equation has no integer solutions: [ x^n + y^n = z^n ] end{ document } Open this example in Overleaf. Is there a quick way to just reduce the vertical white space between paragraphs. This. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. If the document class used is article, egin{thebibliography} automatically inserts a numberless section heading with efname (default value: References). Introduction. In the example, the second paragraph is at the bottom of the column and a blank space is inserted in between the second and the first paragraphs. documentclass {article} usepackage {parskip} egin {document} We explain in this. Here, we show how to use the babel package, via its abelprovide and abelfont commands, to reproduce examples contained in the previous article, which focussed on polyglossia. usepackage{ comment } to your preamble, and then use egin{ comment }. We will learn to create sections, subsections, paragraphs, and text justification in LaTeX using the online Overleaf environment. You will need to add usepackage {placeins} in the preamble to use the command. Let's see the two commands that insert vertical blank spaces. However, if you want the new lines between the. Specifically, Fabian is referring to asparaitem, asparaenum and asparadesc and to other things like compactittem, compactenum and compactdesc. Altering the paragraph formatting is not often required, especially in academic writing. To insert local extra space between paragraphs, LaTeX offers the commands smallskip, medskip, and igskip which will add space of smallskipamount, medskipamount, and igskipamount (see the example for the default value of those when using the article class). biblatex is a modern option for processing bibliography information, provides an easier and more. Like: I am a LaTeX user. As in worp processors, line breaks keep the same paragraph alive. This is done by leaving an empty line in the code. Paragraph indentation. We are still in the second paragraph. Open this example in Overleaf. For more information on the parskip package, see this Overleaf article: The parskip. This example produces the following output: The line ewcommand{b}[1]{mathbb{#1}} defines a new command that takes one parameter, where: b is the name of the new command. Compare here noitemsep and itemsep=0pt: documentclass{article} usepackage{lipsum}. A space line inserts a new paragraph. Stuff Over Here quad quad quad More Stuff. 2. Using wrapfig. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. Text alignment. The proper style (whether first paragraph should be indented or not) depend on the national rules (for example Polish typografy requires it). Open this example in Overleaf. Keep in mind the first comment above by @samcarter_is_at_topanswers. This example produces the following output: Starting a new paragraph. line break, without new paragraph. The standalone package documentation. Text at the top of the page. See the texcount documentation for what each runtime flag does. Lengths. You can use par to obtain a new paragraph. It is in this new, empty file that you will create your references file which you will refer to in your main LaTeX document. Aug 15, 2015 at 17:47. vspace{ 5mm } %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. Just use an empty line. The blank-line-gives-new-paragraph mechanism works on a lower level than LaTeX; it is TeX. You can do the same thing by leaving a blank line (pressing Enter twice) in your document source. A space line inserts a new paragraph. end {document} Open this example in Overleaf. This short tutorial shows how to add an image file (png, jpg, pdf) to your LaTeX document, how to display it using the includegraphics command, and how to adjust the width and positioning. Creating your first LaTeX document; Choosing a LaTeX Compiler; Paragraphs and new. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. use the samepage package. You can avoid indentation by setting \parindent to 0pt (or 0mm, 0cm etc) or using the command. . But the first one is often not recommended. . Text at the top of the page. How to align lines and automaticaly break the lines if they are too long? 1. By using label and ef commands, the references always point to the correct section, even if you change the order of the sections later. The first paragraph start out without an indent. }:However, leaving an empty line starts a new paragraph. Note how a new paragraph is began by inserting a blank line zwischen them—although that's a commonly-used method, it's not the only way to starting a new paragraph. You can also use the comment package to comment out large sections of text. vspace{ 5mm } %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. The following project is compiled via LuaLaTeX and uses the fontspec package to access the TeX Gyre Pagella fonts. You. The standard book and report class has 6 levels of heading (chapter (0) through to subparagraph (5)) and article has 5 levels (missing chapter). The following example opens in Overleaf to create a project containing a file called text. You can also scale the image to a some specific width and height. By default new paragraphs are usually indented by an amount controlled by a parameter called parindent whose value can be set using the command setlength; for example: setlength{parindent} { 20pt } sets parindent to 20pt. The following graphic shows the output produced by the LaTeX code: Usually the binary operators ( >, < and =) are. Working offline in Overleaf; Using Track Changes in Overleaf; Using bibliographies in Overleaf; Sharing your work with others; Using the History feature; Debugging Compilation timeout errors; How-to guides; Guide to Overleaf’s premium features; LaTeX Basics. Alternative options are quad and qquad; the space produced is probably more what you are looking to create. 20. For convenience, the Overleaf project uses a small page size because that assists with preparing graphics and images for this help page. TeX differentiates between line breaks and paragraphs. ; Select the Delete row or column icon to delete the selected rows or columns. This will prevent TeX from seeing another line break—all characters up to and including the next line break after a comment are ignored. use par after the line of code you want there to be a new paragraph after. The preamble I used is just. The problem is that you use to start a new paragraph. To get started, click here to open the 'Presentation' example. By default new paragraphs are usually indented by an amount controlled by a parameter called \parindent whose value can be set using the command \setlength; for example: \setlength{\parindent} { 20pt } sets \parindent to 20pt. \documentclass [12pt,a4paper] {article} \usepackage {amsmath} \usepackage {amsthm} \usepackage {amssymb} I don't feel it's so good because the first paragraph has no indent but the second does. Collaborative commenting: This 2 minute video shows 2 fictitious users called Ivor Question and Alison Carefully. It's good practice to put the [ on its own line, followed by the math content, then the ] on its own new line. 1 Answer. In this. e. use the eedspace command from the needspace package. g. However, if you don’t believe in the algorithm used to break the lines, you can also produce your own line breaks with the special command . But one. Why not use . 9, – am70 Nov 23, 2022 at 17:37 Paragraph indentation. marginpar [left text] {right text} where left text will be used if the margin note appears on the left of a document page and right text if appears on the right. This will initiate a new line without starting a new paragraph. documentclass[12pt]{article} usepackage{graphicx} opmargin -3. This package provides commands for formatting cells, including head (for header cells) and makecell (for regular cells). Open this example in Overleaf. I expected the following MWE to accomplish this task. This article explores Overleaf’s Symbol Palette—a quick and convenient way to insert math symbols into your document. Note how a new paragraph is started by inserting a blank line between them—although that's a commonly-used method, it's not the only way to start a new paragraph. The LaTeX command par ends the current paragraph and starts a new one. 5] {overleaf-logo} will include the image overleaf-logo in the document, the extra parameter scale=1. xyz: Margins are asymmetric for even/odd pages to bind them in a book. More detailed information, and further examples, can be found in the articles Text alignment and Paragraph formatting. index{Paragraph}<CR><CR> This is a new paragraph. Text at the top of the page. An online LaTeX editor that’s easy to use. vfill Text at the bottom of the page. Paragraph indentation. Writing basic equations in LaTeX is straightforward, for example: documentclass{ article } egin{ document } The well known Pythagorean theorem (x^2 + y^2 = z^2) was proved to be invalid for other exponents. second method is to use the ewline command, this command will start a new line depending on where you use it. So the original source looks like this here: \paragraph{Some title stuff. See par, for the difference between this command and par. It compares two paragraphs of text typeset in TeX Gyre Pagella: the first paragraph uses the default. 1, 25 Aug 2023), which is based on the style of Marissa Mayer's CV created by BusinessInsider using enhancv. 2. Single line-breaks will be ignored by the engine. Writing basic equations in LaTeX is straightforward, for example: documentclass{ article } egin{ document } The well known Pythagorean theorem (x^2 + y^2 = z^2) was proved to be invalid for other exponents. The following example uses doublespacing in the document preamble: documentclass{ article } % Choose a conveniently small page size usepackage[paperheight=18cm,paperwidth=14cm,textwidth=12cm] { geometry } % Load. centering includegraphics [width=3cm] {overleaf-logo} caption {Overleaf logo} end {figure} Hello, here is some text without a meaning. It is different from ewline or which produce a line break (by the way, there is a linebreak. Paragraph alignment [ edit] Paragraphs in LaTeX are usually fully justified, i. However, in reports or books, and similar long documents, this would be chapter or part . – Mico. There are up to 7 levels of depth for defining sections depending on the document class: Usually, section is the top-level document command in most documents. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. If you want your text to be justified, you will not get a document complying to APA rules, but a close hit. The preamble I used is just. Text at the top of the page. g. . Let's see the. The first argument to the parbox command sets the width to 3 cm, and the second argument to parbox contains the text. oindent This is the second paragraph. Load the subdepth package with the low-sup option, if you really want to load it. As you see. You can use the doublespacing command provided by the setspace package. To separate between paragraphs (and to facilitate the reading), I use the following code which gives a white space and indentation with a new paragraph. Paragraph indentation. When you want to start a new paragraph, you will have to leave a blank line in the input file. It compares two paragraphs of text typeset in TeX Gyre Pagella: the first paragraph uses the default. Text at the top of the page. New code examples in category C. Introduction. These commands are robust (see protect). If you just want to leave a line blank to make the text more readable in the source, then you just need to add a comment character, "%", at the start. The tabular environment redefines \par to be \@empty: \let\par\@empty. That is the standard latex markup, and does what you want here. But the first thing I'd try is setting parindent to 0pt: Some text with normal indentation. In very important documents, such as scientific ones, you do not want to keep a simple, basic format. end{quote} %ends the quote environment ( note: before ending the document environment!. TeX differentiates between line breaks and paragraphs. Open this counterwithin example in Overleaf. vspace{ 5mm } %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. e. Well known horizontal commands are the character-insertion commands such as a , and \unhbox . documentclass{article} egin {document} This line and this line are the same paragraph We use two newlines to start a new paragraph end {document} We can also manually break lines with the command. A paragraph in LaTeX is defined by leaving a blank line. It compares two paragraphs of text typeset in TeX Gyre Pagella: the first paragraph uses the default. The following image shows the output produced by the example above: The command fontfamily{qcr}selectfont will set the T e X gyre cursor font typeface, whose fontcode is qcr, for the text inside the braces. Paragraph indentation. Share. This is the fourth video in a series of 21 by Dr Vincent Knight of Cardiff University; it shows how to add lists to your LaTeX documents, including both bullet point lists and enumerated (numbered) lists. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. (Of. \par This is the second paragraph. In this. setlength {parskip} {aselineskip}%. To forcibly insert a space that is the same length as an indentation you can use the following: \hspace {\parindent} This can be useful if you start a new section with a framed theorem, etc. The symbol "&" on its own is used as part of a code in LaTeX. We are still in the first paragraph. par produces a new paragraph. See the reference guide for a full list of options that can be passed to hypersetup. vfill Text at the bottom of the page. The first line of every paragraph should be indented, and all lines should be single-spaced. e. end{equation} % this. We're rolling back the changes to the Acceptable Use Policy (AUP). How do I add blank lines between paragraphs? It is considered bad practice to put at the end of a paragraph to force extra spacing between paragraphs. a blank line is created between the two paragraphs. For more information see Paragraphs and new lines; Lists; Paragraph formatting; Line breaks and blank spaces; The not so short introduction to L a T e X 2 εThe command graphicspath { {images/} } tells LaTeX to look in the images folder. However, in LaTeX it is the "lowest" heading. Note paragraph is a section heading of level 4 as specified there, and should only be used in the sequence chapter,. a blank line is a new paragraph this will not leave extra vertical space by default, but may do, depending on your settings. You can avoid indentation by setting parindent to 0pt (or 0mm, 0cm etc) or using the command. There are up to 7 levels of depth for defining sections depending on the document class: Usually, section is the top-level document command in most documents. If you want the text indented, you can add a blank line instead of \\. \vspace{ 5mm } %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. Two empty lines, on the other hand, do not make an extra large break. The following project is compiled via LuaLaTeX and uses the fontspec package to access the TeX Gyre Pagella fonts. }% restore indentation Indented again. aspara does create a new paragraph still. To indent the first paragraph of each section use: usepackage {indentfirst} For the whole document to have left justification use: usepackage [document] {ragged2e} In case you don't want indentation in your first paragraph (e. } centering includegraphics[width=0. The popular L a T e X font typefaces. It compares two paragraphs of text typeset in TeX Gyre Pagella: the first paragraph uses the default. How (!)within the same paragraph(!) to have places where lines are allowed to be too wide and places where lines are not allowed to be too wide? 3. egin{ center } Example 1: The following paragraph. overleaf; or ask your own question. Note also you are missing % at ends of line in your definition (which is why your image shows a spurious space before the . LaTeX can organize, number, and index chapters and sections of document. I think the only place I use that is within the todonotes package macros (which are not part of the final document). The basics: A 30-second video which shows how to access Overleaf's commenting feature. This is not the only command to insert line breaks, in the next section two more will be presented. But I downloaded the main tex file from your template: see (also thanks to the code highlighting below) the options available for. 6. centering includegraphics [width=3cm] {overleaf-logo} caption {Overleaf logo} end {figure} Hello, here is some text without a meaning. or. There is one more way to start this as in the following example. I don't know if this is a good thing or a bad thing. However, in reports or books, and similar long documents, this would be chapter or part . Go into horizontal mode (see Modes). Except, in Overleaf, it includes the paragraph in the document tree. If you put usepackage{xcolor} and usepackage{soul} in your preamble, then you can simply use hl{. vfill Inserts a blank space that will stretch accordingly to fill the vertical space available. Overleaf has published a wide range of in-depth technical articles for readers interested in the low-level behaviour of TeX engines. This example produces the following output: Using the SetSinglespace command. So, for example, to add 0. – David Carlisle. Improve this answer. I tried vspace* {-aselineskip}, setlength {parskip} {-aselineskip}, and setlength {parskip} {-0. You set it (with "rubber" values) using something like: \setlength{\parskip}{1cm plus4mm minus3mm} The defualt value of \parskip is class dependent. Open this example in Overleaf. In this example, the new environment example is defined, this environment has 3 counting-specific commands: ewcounter{example}[section]: Creates a new counter called example that will be reset to 0 every time the section counter is increased. egin{enumerate}[align=left,label={(arabic*)},resume] item Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna. makeatletter enewcommand {paragraph} {% @startsection {paragraph} {4}% {z@} {0. Open this example in Overleaf. 2. 1 etc. You will in the end save yourself a great deal of trouble. In particular I want to reduce the vertical white space. By default, the paragraphs are indented by 1. – Peter Grill Jan 25, 2021 at 8:31 you may want to read TeX by topic, Sec. Just load the parskip package and don't change the parskip and parindent lengths manually. Open this example in Overleaf. egin {center} Example 1: The following paragraph (given in quotes) is an example out centred alignment using the center environment. 23. \vfill: this command inserts a blank space that will stretch to fill the vertical space available. Leave an empty line to start a new paragraph and then add whatever text you want (and end{document} is missing again. Then TeX makes a break but form it’s point of view you’re still in the same paragraph. – David Carlisle. Lengths are units of distance relative to some document elements. Numbered (ordered) lists have the same syntax but use the enumerate environment: each entry must be preceded by the control sequence item, which will automatically generate numbers to label the item. 5\textwidth]{Penguins. "Except, in Overleaf, it includes the paragraph in the document tree. Though 1em is quite common. 5 and 2. To create a new paragraph, use enter twice. The problem is that you use \\\\ to start a new paragraph. One way to add author affiliations is to use the authblk package.